Measurement — Temperature and Thermometry

Temperature measures heat. Celsius: water freezes at 0, boils at 100. Fahrenheit: freezes at 32, boils at 212. Kelvin: absolute zero. Indirect aim: physics, chemistry, climate awareness.

• Framework: Montessori
• Unit: Mathematics
• Learning area: Operations
• Level: Ages 8-10

Objectives

• Read Celsius and Fahrenheit thermometers
• Convert between scales (C = (F-32) × 5/9)
• Understand absolute zero and Kelvin
• Apply to weather and body temp

Materials

• Thermometers (Celsius, Fahrenheit, indoor/outdoor)
• Conversion chart
• Weather data
• Recording paper

Instructions

1. Read indoor thermometer in both C and F. 2. Convert: (F-32) × 5/9 = C. 3. 20°C = 68°F (room). 37°C = 98.6°F (body). 4. Research absolute zero: -273.15°C = 0 K. 5. Track weekly weather in C and F. 6. Apply to cooking (oven temp). 7. Compare climate across cities. 8. File.

Educator tip

Americans use F; the rest of the world uses C. Show both.

Assessment

Observe reading accuracy, conversion, and real-world application.

More from Mathematics

• Algebra — Simplifying Expressions
• Algebra — Solving Multi-Step Equations
• Order of Operations — PEMDAS
• Probability — Coin, Dice, Cards
• Statistics — Mean, Median, Mode
• Negative Numbers — Full Operations
• Linear Graphs — Slope and y-Intercept
• Mental Math — Shortcuts and Tricks