Composition of Numbers to 10
To develop deep understanding of how numbers to 10 can be composed and decomposed.
- Framework: EYFS
- Unit: EYFS Mathematics
- Learning area: Mathematics
- Level: EYFS Reception
Objectives
- Shows different ways to make numbers
- Uses part-whole thinking
- Recalls bonds to 5
- Developing bonds to 10
Materials
- Ten frames and counters
- Part-whole models
- Numicon or similar
- Number bond games
Instructions
Composition means understanding that numbers are made of other numbers. Five isn't just 'five things'—it's also 'four and one more', or 'three and two', or 'two and two and one'. This flexibility is the foundation of mental calculation.
Use concrete materials extensively. Ten frames are particularly powerful: 'I have five counters in my frame. If I move two to the other side... look, I've made two and three! Same amount, different arrangement.'
Explore many ways to make the same number. 'How many ways can we make five? You've found four and one, three and two. Are there more?' Celebrate multiple solutions rather than looking for one 'right' answer.
Use part-whole models to record thinking. Draw a circle at the top (the whole) with two circles below (the parts). 'Seven is made of five and two. Let's show that in our part-whole model.' This structure helps organise mathematical thinking.
Play number bond games: 'I'm thinking of a number. It goes with three to make five. What's my number?' Start with numbers to five before moving to larger numbers. Make it playful and conversational.
Link composition to stories and contexts: 'There are five birds on the tree. Two fly away. How many are left?' 'Three red apples and two green apples. How many altogether?' Real contexts make the maths meaningful.
Encourage children to explain their thinking: 'How did you know that was four?' 'What's another way to make six?' Articulating mathematical reasoning deepens understanding and develops mathematical talk.
Build automatic recall of bonds to ten through regular, playful practice. Quick games, songs, chants. 'Eight and two make ten! Three and seven make ten!' These facts will underpin calculation for years to come.