Earth's Magnetic Field

Earth is a magnet. Molten iron core creates field. Compass points to magnetic north. Birds, turtles, bacteria navigate by it. Indirect aim: geology, preparation for electromagnetism, ecology.

• Framework: Montessori
• Unit: Cultural Studies
• Learning area: Physical Science
• Level: Ages 7-9

Objectives

• Understand Earth as giant magnet with N and S poles
• Use compass to find magnetic north
• Learn about geographic vs magnetic north
• Connect to animal navigation (birds, turtles)

Materials

• Compass
• World map
• Magnet demonstration
• Animal migration charts

Instructions

1. Hold compass: needle points north. 2. Turn it: still points same way. 3. That's Earth's magnetic field. 4. Show iron filings over bar magnet — same pattern. 5. Geographic vs magnetic north differ by ~10° (in most places). 6. Birds navigate by field. 7. Field flips every 250,000 years (geologic record). 8. Research solar wind and auroras.

Educator tip

Auroras are magnetic field meeting solar particles. Show video.

Assessment

Observe compass use, field understanding, and animal connection.

More from Cultural Studies

• Evolution — Natural Selection
• Composer Study — Vivaldi
• Philosophy — Introduction to Ethics
• Globe: Land and Water
• Puzzle Map: Continents
• Land and Water Forms
• Parts of a Plant
• Animal Classification