Philosophy — Introduction to Ethics

Ethics is the oldest philosophy. Socrates asked: What is the good life? Three main traditions answer differently. Indirect aim: moral reasoning, preparation for secondary philosophy, citizenship.

• Framework: Montessori
• Unit: Cultural Studies
• Learning area: Peace Education
• Level: Ages 10-12

Objectives

• Consider ethical questions through thought experiments
• Distinguish consequentialist, deontological, virtue ethics
• Apply to real-world dilemmas
• Write reasoned position

Materials

• Thought experiment cards (trolley problem, etc.)
• Books: Socrates dialogues excerpts, Aristotle
• Ethics chart
• Position paper template

Instructions

1. Trolley problem: kill one to save five? Discuss. 2. Consequentialist (utilitarian): maximize good. 3. Deontological (Kant): duty regardless of outcome. 4. Virtue ethics (Aristotle): what would a good person do? 5. Each has strengths, weaknesses. 6. Apply to real: lying to protect, stealing bread for hungry family. 7. Write 1-page reasoned position. 8. Class dialogue — respect disagreement.

Educator tip

Let children disagree. Ethics is elementary's first taste of philosophical complexity.

Assessment

Observe thought experiment engagement, framework use, and reasoned position.

More from Cultural Studies

• Globe: Land and Water
• Puzzle Map: Continents
• Land and Water Forms
• Parts of a Plant
• Animal Classification
• Timeline of the Day
• Sink and Float Experiment
• Music: Bells and Pitch