Subtraction with Golden Beads

Golden Bead subtraction shows concretely what happens when we take away—and the need to exchange (borrow) when there aren't enough in a category.

• Framework: Montessori
• Unit: Mathematics
• Learning area: Operations
• Level: Ages 4-6

Objectives

• Understand subtraction as taking away
• Practice exchanging for subtraction
• Develop subtraction algorithm understanding
• Connect to inverse of addition

Materials

• Golden Beads: complete set
• Large and small numeral cards
• Trays

Instructions

1. Present problem: 3,542 - 1,375. 2. Child builds first number (minuend). 3. 'Can you take away 5 units? No—exchange a ten.' 4. Continue taking away each category. 5. Exchange as needed. 6. Read remaining quantity.

Educator tip

The language is 'take away' rather than 'minus.' Connect to real situations of taking away.

Assessment

Child performs subtraction with exchanging and records results correctly.

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