How to start a preschool in Kosovo

Starting a preschool, often referred to as a "çerdhe" or "kopësht" for younger children and "parashkollor" for pre-primary aged children, in Kosovo presents a unique opportunity to contribute to the nation's rapidly developing early childhood education sector. While historical investment in early childhood education and care has been low, recent years have seen increased government focus and strategic prioritisation. The passing of the new Law on Early Childhood Education in July 2023 signifies a major leap forward, making pre-primary education mandatory for all 5-year-olds from September 2024. This new legal framework also encourages diverse service provision options and focuses on a child-centred curriculum. Aspiring founders should be aware of the high demand for quality childcare, particularly in urban centres like Prishtina, where private institutions are often full despite higher fees. The Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI) is the primary licensing authority you will engage with to ensure your facility meets all regulatory standards. This guide will walk you through the essential steps to navigate this evolving landscape and establish a successful and impactful early learning centre in Kosovo.

Regulations

Health safety: While specific regulations are not detailed in the provided sources, the emphasis on quality and inclusive education strongly implies robust health and safety standards. Safeguarding policies would be paramount, ensuring child protection within the facility. Given parental concerns about vaccination records in some private facilities, clear policies on immunisation are likely either existing or developing. Procedures for illness exclusion and incident reporting would be standard practice to maintain a healthy environment. The new law also enables early interventions for developmental issues like dyslexia and speech impairments, suggesting a holistic approach to child well-being.

Licensing overview: The Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI) is responsible for licensing early childhood education institutions in Kosovo. The new Law on Early Childhood Education, passed in July 2023, has significantly shaped the regulatory landscape. This law mandates pre-primary education for all 5-year-olds and aims to diversify service provision. The licensing process, while not explicitly detailed in the provided sources, will involve adherence to these new legal frameworks. Inspections are likely to focus on ensuring compliance with new minimum standards, facility requirements, and curriculum guidelines, promoting a child-centred approach. The law also highlights a commitment to early interventions for developmental needs.

Licensing authority: Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI)

Staff qualifications: With the new Law on Early Childhood Education, legally binding minimum standards for pre-primary teachers are now guaranteed. While specific qualification levels are not detailed, the emphasis is on professional development and pedagogical practices that foster child-centred and play-based learning. This includes equipping educators to support the individual learning needs of all children, particularly those with disabilities. General requirements would likely include relevant educational backgrounds in early childhood development, national police checks or equivalent background screenings, and a commitment to ongoing training. The UN and UNICEF in Kosovo support teacher training and professional development to improve pedagogical practices.

Facility requirements: The new law diversifies options for service provision, suggesting a range of facility types could be permissible. However, anecdotes from parents highlight the importance of adequate and appropriate spaces. For example, a lack of natural light, visible mold, cramped rooms, and improvised outdoor spaces (like apartment terraces covered with sand instead of proper gardens) are areas of concern for parents. Therefore, while not explicitly detailed, facilities are expected to be clean, safe, well-lit, and provide sufficient space for children to play and learn. Access to outdoor play areas is a highly valued feature. Accessibility for children with disabilities is also a growing consideration, given the focus on inclusive education.

Curriculum requirements: The new Law on Early Childhood Education provides the framework for developing a core, child-centred curriculum. The UN is actively engaged in developing a gender-transformative curriculum that promotes an equitable society and challenges traditional gender roles. The focus is on play-based learning and methodologies that foster the individual learning needs of children, especially those with disabilities. While a specific national framework like EYFS or NQF is not named, the intent is clearly to establish high-quality, inclusive pedagogical practices. Providers will need to align their educational programmes with these evolving national curriculum guidelines.

Startup costs

Startup costs vary significantly based on the type and size of the facility. A smaller operation in a rented space could incur lower costs, while a purpose-built centre for 60-100 children would be substantially higher. Rental deposits, minor renovations, initial equipment and furniture, and licensing fees are key factors. Monthly operating costs are driven by staff salaries, utilities, rent, food, and educational supplies. Given the average gross salary in Kosovo was 639 euros in 2024, staff costs will be a significant factor. Demand for high-quality, often more expensive, private childcare centres indicates a market willing to pay for perceived value, influencing potential revenue and cost recovery.

Timeline

1. Understanding the New Legal Framework (Ongoing): Prospective operators must thoroughly understand the new Law on Early Childhood Education, enacted in July 2023. This law mandates pre-primary education for all 5-year-olds and defines the overarching goals for early childhood development in Kosovo. Sub-legal acts for its implementation are still being drafted, so staying informed about these developments from the Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI) is crucial. Engagement with educational experts and legal counsel specializing in education law in Kosovo is advisable during this phase.

2. Business Plan Development and Site Selection (2-4 months): Develop a comprehensive business plan, accounting for the unique market conditions in Kosovo, such as high demand in urban areas and parental expectations for outdoor play spaces. Site selection is critical; consider locations near residential areas or workplaces with good accessibility. Parental feedback indicates a strong preference for facilities with natural light, ample space, and a proper outdoor yard, rather than improvised terraces. Ensure the proposed site can meet evolving facility requirements and safety standards to avoid later issues.

3. Licensing Application with MESTI (Variable): The formal application for a 'Private Preschool Institution' license will be submitted to the Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI). This process will involve detailing how your facility adheres to the new legal standards, including curriculum alignment, staff qualifications, and facility specifications. Be prepared for inspections focusing on safety, sanitation, and the learning environment. Engagement with UNICEF or UN agencies, known for supporting local authorities and policy development, might offer insights, though direct licensing is through MESTI.

4. Staff Recruitment and Training (2-3 months prior to opening): Recruit qualified educators who align with the child-centred and play-based learning approach emphasised by the new law. Given the introduction of legally binding minimum standards for pre-primary teachers, verify qualifications rigorously. Provide specific training on the evolving gender-transformative curriculum and inclusive practices, especially for children with disabilities. UNICEF in Kosovo supports professional development for educators, which could be a valuable resource for ongoing training.

5. Curriculum Implementation and Quality Assurance (Ongoing): Implement a curriculum that aligns with Kosovo's new child-centred and gender-transformative framework, focusing on holistic development. Establish robust internal quality assurance mechanisms, encompassing regular pedagogical reviews, child progress monitoring, and parent feedback. Active participation in any quality assurance initiatives supported by MESTI or other international partners, such as UNICEF, will be beneficial to ensure continuous improvement and compliance with national standards.

6. Securing Funding and Financial Planning (3-6 months): Secure the necessary funding for both startup and initial operating costs. Research potential investors, loans, or grants available in Kosovo that support social enterprises or educational initiatives. Develop a detailed financial plan that considers the average gross salary in Kosovo (639 euros in 2024) to realistically project affordability for parents, while also ensuring the financial sustainability of your institution. Explore public-private partnership models as MESTI seeks to expand provision.

7. Marketing and Enrollment (2-3 months prior to opening): Develop a marketing strategy to reach target families, highlighting your unique educational approach and commitment to quality. Emphasise features that parents value, such as qualified educators, healthy meals, and a large, safe outdoor play area. Given the high demand for private childcare, especially in areas like Prishtina, early outreach is crucial. Be explicit about your policies on controversial topics, such as vaccination records, as these are points of concern for some parents.

Next steps: explore the IPC curriculum, read about preschool enrollment, or browse all start-a-preschool guides.

Frequently asked questions

What is the primary regulatory body for early childhood education in Kosovo?

The primary regulatory body is the Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI). They are responsible for overseeing and licensing all early childhood education institutions, including 'çerdhe', 'kopësht', and 'parashkollor' facilities. The new Law on Early Childhood Education, enacted in July 2023, is the cornerstone of their regulatory framework, mandating pre-primary education for all 5-year-olds and defining the standards for service provision and curriculum development across the country.

Are there specific curriculum requirements I need to follow in Kosovo?

Yes, the new Law on Early Childhood Education provides the framework for developing a core, child-centred curriculum. The UN is actively involved in creating a gender-transformative curriculum. Your institution's educational programme must align with these evolving national guidelines, which focus on play-based learning and addressing the individual learning needs of children, including those with disabilities. MESTI will expect adherence to these pedagogical practices.

What is the demand for early childhood education like in Kosovo?

Demand for quality early childhood education is high, particularly in urban centres like Prishtina. Only 15% of children aged 3-4 attend an early childhood education programme, indicating significant unmet need. Private childcare facilities are often full despite higher prices, with some having long waiting lists. This strong demand, coupled with the new law making pre-primary education mandatory for 5-year-olds, presents a strong market for new, high-quality institutions. There is an urgent need for more public daycare centres, but private provision is also expanding to fill gaps.

What financial support is available for opening a preschool in Kosovo?

While the sources do not specify particular government grants or direct funding for private preschool startups, UNICEF in Kosovo advocates for increased investment in the early childhood education sector. There is a general push towards expanding provision through various models, including supporting the development of private and community-based providers. Prospective owners should explore potential partnerships, impact investment opportunities, or loans from financial institutions within Kosovo. The European Union also funds projects related to early childhood development in Kosovo, which might offer indirect support or partnership opportunities. General funding for ECEC service providers can come from central and municipal budgets, as well as parental fees.

What are the common challenges faced by parents searching for childcare in Kosovo?

Parents in Kosovo often face significant challenges in finding suitable childcare. These include a lack of availability, especially for high-quality options, and perceived high costs. Many existing private facilities may have limited space, inadequate natural light, or lack proper outdoor play areas, leading to parent dissatisfaction. Concerns about vaccination records and maintaining a healthy environment are also prevalent. Traditional gender roles also mean mothers often bear the brunt of childcare, limiting their workforce participation. The new law aims to address some of these supply-side issues, but the need remains substantial.

What is the typical cost of private preschools in Prishtina?

Based on anecdotal evidence from Prishtina, monthly fees for private preschools can range from approximately 200 euros to 450 euros. This variation depends on factors such as group size (smaller groups often being more expensive), facilities offered, and reputation. Despite these prices, many popular nurseries continue to have full enrollment and long waiting lists, indicating that parents are willing to pay for perceived quality and availability. This is notable given the average gross salary in Kosovo was 639 euros in 2024.