How to start a preschool in Ontario

Aspiring preschool founders in Ontario, Canada, embark on a rewarding journey to provide quality early learning and care. The province's child care sector is governed by the Ministry of Education, specifically under the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014 (CCEYA) and Ontario Regulation 137/15. Understanding these foundational legal frameworks is crucial for navigating the licensing process and ensuring compliance. The Ministry of Education oversees the Quality Assurance and Licensing Branch, which includes regional offices staffed by Program Advisors who are instrumental in guiding operators through the inspection and licensing procedures. Additionally, Consolidated Municipal Service Managers (CMSMs) and District Social Services Administration Boards (DSSABs) manage child care services at the local level, including important aspects like fee subsidies and special needs resourcing. This guide will provide a structured overview of the key considerations for establishing a licensed child care centre in Ontario, from regulatory requirements to financial planning and operational best practices, all within the framework set by the Ministry of Education.

Regulations

Health safety: Health and safety protocols in Ontario's child care centres are strictly regulated under the CCEYA and related legislation. Operators must have comprehensive safeguarding policies in place, covering child protection, supervision, and incident reporting. Policies for medication administration, including proper storage and documented procedures, are essential. Immunization records for children are typically required, aligning with public health guidelines, and clear illness exclusion policies are necessary to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Serious Occurrence reports must be filed with the Ministry of Education in specific circumstances, triggering follow-up by Program Advisors. Other relevant legislation includes the Safe Drinking Water Act, 2002, and the Smoke-Free Ontario Act, 1994, ensuring a holistic approach to child well-being.

Licensing overview: In Ontario, child care programs are licensed by the Ministry of Education under the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014 (CCEYA) and Ontario Regulation 137/15. The licensing process involves scrutiny by Program Advisors from the Ministry's Quality Assurance and Licensing Branch who conduct inspections for new applications, renewals, and ongoing monitoring. These inspections assess compliance with a comprehensive set of licensing requirements, encompassing policies and procedures, building and accommodation standards, equipment, playgrounds, records, staff qualifications, grouping, nutrition, and program activities. Municipal approvals are also necessary, covering zoning, building permits, and compliance with health and fire codes. A license may be issued for up to one year once all requirements are met, with Program Advisors making recommendations to a Director under the CCEYA regarding license issuance, renewal, or refusal.

Licensing authority: Ministry of Education (Ontario)

Staff qualifications: Staff qualifications in Ontario's licensed child care settings are a critical component of regulatory compliance. While specific requirements for lead teachers and assistants are detailed under the CCEYA and its accompanying regulations, a general principle involves ensuring staff possess the necessary education, experience, and certifications to provide quality care and programming. Background checks, specifically Criminal Reference Checks, are mandatory for all individuals working with children. Ongoing professional development and training are also expected to maintain and enhance staff competencies in areas such as child development, health and safety, and programming. The Ministry of Education's policies, such as the Supervision of Students and Volunteers Policy, further guide operational procedures.

Facility requirements: Facility requirements for child care centres in Ontario are extensive, touching upon aspects from square footage to safety. While precise square footage per child ratios are detailed within the CCEYA and Ontario Regulation 137/15, facilities must ensure adequate space for various activities, including play, rest, and dining. Outdoor play space is also a regulated component, with specific requirements to ensure children have safe and stimulating environments. Compliance with the Ontario Building Code and Ontario Fire Code is mandatory, requiring relevant permits and inspections from municipal authorities. This includes adherence to fire safety plans, egress routes, and appropriate fire suppression systems. Furthermore, health approvals related to food preparation and sanitary practices are required, ensuring a safe and hygienic environment for children.

Curriculum requirements: Ontario's licensed child care centres operate under curriculum requirements designed to promote children's development and learning. While not explicitly mandating a single framework like some jurisdictions, the CCEYA and its regulations outline expectations for a 'program of activities' that supports the social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development of children. This typically aligns with play-based learning approaches and emphasizes responsive environments. The International Preschool Curriculum (IPC), for example, aligns with these general principles by offering a comprehensive, inquiry-based framework that promotes holistic development. Operators are encouraged to develop programs that are inclusive, child-centred, and reflective of the diverse needs of children and families served.

Startup costs

Startup costs in Ontario can vary significantly. A small home-based operation or a rented suite might incur lower initial expenses, primarily for minor renovations, licensing fees, basic furnishings, and initial staffing. Conversely, a large purpose-built centre catering to 60-100 children will face substantial costs related to property acquisition or long-term lease, extensive renovations or new construction, comprehensive equipment, playground installation, and a larger staff complement. Variables such as location within a municipality (urban vs. rural), existing building condition, and desired program scope heavily influence the overall investment.

Timeline

1. Business Planning and Feasibility Study (2-4 months): This initial phase involves comprehensive market research to identify demand and competition in your chosen Ontario community. Develop a detailed business plan, including financial projections, operational strategies, and a clear vision for your child care program. Engage with local Consolidated Municipal Service Managers/District Social Services Administration Boards (CMSMs/DSSABs) to understand local needs and available support programs.

2. Secure Location and Municipal Approvals (4-8 months): Identify a suitable property that meets zoning requirements for a child care facility in Ontario. Obtain necessary municipal approvals, including building permits, health department clearances for food preparation and sanitation, and fire department approvals for compliance with the Ontario Fire Code. This step often involves extensive consultations and inspections with local authorities.

3. Licensing Application to Ministry of Education (3-6 months): Prepare and submit your licensing application to the Ministry of Education's Quality Assurance and Licensing Branch. This includes detailed documentation on your policies and procedures, facility layout, staffing plans, and program curriculum, all compliant with the CCEYA and Ontario Regulation 137/15. A Program Advisor will be assigned to guide you through the process and conduct inspections.

4. Facility Modifications and Equipment Procurement (2-4 months): Undertake any necessary renovations or modifications to your chosen facility to meet all requirements of the CCEYA, Ontario Building Code, and Playground Safety Policy. Procure appropriate equipment and furnishings, ensuring they are safe, age-appropriate, and compliant with Ministry standards for licensed child care programs. Final inspections by relevant authorities will occur during this stage.

5. Staff Recruitment and Training (2-3 months): Recruit qualified early childhood educators and support staff who meet the Ministry of Education’s requirements, including mandatory Criminal Reference Checks. Implement a comprehensive onboarding and training program, covering your centre's specific policies, emergency procedures, health and safety protocols (including the Standing Bodies of Water Policy if applicable), and the chosen curriculum framework.

6. Official Opening and Ongoing Compliance (Ongoing): Upon successful completion of all inspections and receiving your license from the Ministry of Education, your child care centre can officially open. Ongoing compliance with the CCEYA and Ministry policies is crucial. Program Advisors will conduct regular monitoring visits, and operators are responsible for maintaining high standards, managing finances, and responding to any new regulatory updates.

Next steps: explore the IPC curriculum, read about preschool enrollment, or browse all start-a-preschool guides.

Frequently asked questions

What is the primary legislation governing child care in Ontario?

The primary legislation governing child care centres and home-based day care agencies in Ontario is the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014 (CCEYA), along with its associated regulations, particularly Ontario Regulation 137/15. These legal frameworks outline the requirements for licensing, operation, and quality standards that all early years settings must adhere to. The Ministry of Education is the provincial body responsible for overseeing and enforcing this legislation, ensuring that licensed programs provide a safe and nurturing environment for children across the province.

Who provides financial support or subsidies for child care in Ontario?

In Ontario, financial support and subsidies for child care are primarily managed at the local level by Consolidated Municipal Service Managers (CMSMs) and District Social Services Administration Boards (DSSABs). These bodies are responsible for administering a range of child care services, including fee subsidies for eligible families, wage subsidies for child care staff, and special needs resourcing. Aspiring operators should engage with their local CMSM/DSSAB early in the planning process to understand available funding initiatives and how their centre can participate in supporting affordable child care for families.

Are there specific curriculum requirements for preschools in Ontario?

While Ontario's Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014 (CCEYA) does not mandate a singular, prescriptive curriculum framework like some other jurisdictions, it does require licensed child care centres to offer a 'program of activities' that fosters children's social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development. The Ministry of Education encourages pedagogical approaches that are child-centred and play-based, aligning with research on early childhood learning. Operators have flexibility to implement a curriculum that supports these developmental domains, ensuring it is inclusive and responsive to the unique needs of the children in their care.

How often are child care centres inspected in Ontario?

Child care centres in Ontario undergo regular inspections by Program Advisors from the Ministry of Education's Quality Assurance and Licensing Branch. These inspections are conducted for various reasons, including new license applications, license renewals, and ongoing monitoring to ensure continuous compliance with the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014 (CCEYA) and its regulations. Additionally, Program Advisors follow up on Serious Occurrence reports and investigate complaints about licensed programs. The frequency can vary, but the aim is to ensure that all licensed programs consistently meet provincial standards for health, safety, and quality.

What are the requirements for playground safety in Ontario?

Playground safety is a significant focus for licensed child care centres in Ontario, guided by the Ministry of Education's Playground Safety Policy. Facilities must ensure that outdoor play spaces are designed, maintained, and supervised to minimize hazards and promote children's safe physical activity. This involves considerations such as appropriate surfacing materials, safe equipment design and installation, regular inspections for wear and tear, and clear supervision protocols. Compliance with these standards is verified during licensing inspections to ensure children have access to safe and engaging outdoor environments.

What is the process for addressing non-compliance findings during an inspection?

During a licensing inspection in Ontario, if a Program Advisor identifies requirements that are not in compliance with the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014 (CCEYA) or its regulations, they will set a compliance requirement and a specific date for the operator to address the issue. Operators are typically given up to 10 days to meet these requirements. A Summary Report is generated outlining the findings, and once the operator confirms compliance, this report is updated. The Program Advisor then makes a recommendation to a Director under the CCEYA regarding the issuance or renewal of the licence, considering the centre's compliance status.