Small Bead Frame Subtraction

Bead Frame subtraction represents borrowing in a semi-abstract format, preparing children to understand the written subtraction algorithm.

• Framework: Montessori
• Unit: Mathematics
• Learning area: Operations
• Level: Ages 5-6

Objectives

• Perform subtraction on the bead frame
• Practice borrowing abstractly
• Record subtraction algorithms

Materials

• Small Bead Frame
• Recording paper
• Problem cards

Instructions

1. Set minuend on Bead Frame (e.g. 4,523). 2. Subtract: slide beads left for subtrahend. 3. Borrow when needed: exchange 1 ten-bead for 10 unit-beads. 4. Continue through each category. 5. Read remaining beads. 6. Record full equation on paper.

Educator tip

Narrate each exchange: 'I need to take away 7 units but I only have 3. I'll borrow a ten.' This models the written algorithm.

Assessment

Child performs subtraction with borrowing on the Bead Frame and records on paper.

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